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Ransomware is the kind of malware that requires the user to pay money to regain access to their files. This malicious software encrypts victims' files or locks their systems, making data inaccessible until a ransom payment is made to the attackers, typically in cryptocurrency to maintain anonymity.

Ransomware represents one of the most financially damaging and disruptive forms of malware, affecting individuals, businesses, and critical infrastructure worldwide. The economic model behind ransomware makes it particularly attractive to cybercriminals, as it provides direct monetization of successful attacks.

Types of ransomware include:

• Crypto-ransomware: Encrypts files and demands payment for decryption keys
• Locker ransomware: Locks users out of their systems without encrypting files
• Scareware: Claims to have encrypted files but may only display fake warnings
• Doxware/Leakware: Threatens to publish stolen sensitive data unless ransom is paid
• Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS): Criminal organizations that rent ransomware tools to other attackers

Common ransomware attack vectors:

• Phishing emails with malicious attachments or links
• Exploitation of unpatched software vulnerabilities
• Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) brute force attacks
• Supply chain compromises and software vulnerabilities
• Drive-by downloads from compromised websites

Ransomware prevention strategies:

• Regular, tested backups stored offline or in immutable storage
• Comprehensive endpoint protection and behavioral analysis
• Network segmentation to limit ransomware spread
• Employee security awareness training
• Regular security updates and patch management
• Incident response planning and testing

Security experts strongly advise against paying ransomware demands, as payment doesn't guarantee file recovery and funds further criminal activities. Instead, organizations should focus on prevention, detection, and recovery capabilities through robust backup and incident response programs.